A Struggle to Learn Essay

From the time when I was a little boy, growing up in Graves County, Kentucky, I have had problems with my reading and writing. Things never seemed to click for me, a trait that the teachers attributed to a mild case of dyslexia mixed with a healthy dose of attention deficit disorder. I knew, however, that no disorder was the cause of my distaste of reading and writing. Rather, there was nothing really interesting surrounding me that would grab my interest in the classroom. The teachers I encountered never took any interest in what their students wanted to read or write; they developed assignments based on what the curriculum, a course of study developed by some politicians at the Board of Education, told them to do. This work was so far removed from what we, as students were experiencing in our own lives, and the assignments were so boring that they could have put an insomniac to sleep. However, my life changed the day I met my Junior English teacher, Mr. Clark Duncan. Clark Duncan was an interesting man, especially when you contrasted him with the surroundings in Graves County. Most of the men in Graves lived their days in work clothes, with at least one article of camouflage attached to their outfits at any given time. Almost every jean pocket showed the wear from a Skoal can because no true Graves man would work or socialize without a dip in his mouth. The most common calls that the police received were from residents who were concerned because the neighbor’s cows had gotten loose and were standing in the middle of the road keeping them from getting to work at the tire plant. In short, my town and the surrounding county, were about as country as a town can be. Everyone knew that when Mr. Duncan walked in, he must be from another place altogether. As he stepped over the threshold into my English class, his highly polished, patent leather wing tips were the first thing I noticed. This man was J Crew in a sea of Carhartt. He wore a tan, cotton suit which looked like something out of the Great Gatsby, and he glided across the floor with a smoothness that a person does not achieve when wearing a pair of Justin boots. His hair was parted and smoothed, almost like glass was shimmering on the surface, but, amazingly, he looked effortless and at ease within the confines of a classroom filled with the daughters and sons of plant operators. While I may have been enamored of this new teacher, the quiet insults started almost immediately. I heard someone say, â€Å"What a fruit,† from the back of the room, loud enough for the class to hear, but just quiet enough for the teacher to be unaware of the declaration against his manhood. It didn’t help that Mr. Duncan was wearing a large tote bag to carry his books which amounted to a large handbag. Some students sniggered that they would be talking to their parents and getting out of the class immediately before Duncan’s gayness rubbed off on them. However cruel the other students were being, it all stopped when Duncan opened his mouth. â€Å"Your county has some of the worst literacy rates in the state. According to your test scores, most of you can barely even read or write. I will be honest with you; I think that the current curriculum breeds stupidity and is only appropriate for people who aspire to complete mediocrity. I may only last one year, but I am, from this point forth, deciding not to follow the curriculum. You can leave your books under your desk, because you will not be needing them. In this class, we will dwell on our ability to think and communicate, not our ability to memorize the balcony speech from Romeo and Juliet. You have the option of leaving this class if you aspire to mediocrity and do not wish to be challenged.† You could have heard a pin drop when Duncan finished his speech. Not a single person left the room, but I do not know if it is necessarily because they had a wish to be challenged by this new teacher. Rather, I think everyone was in shock. This man, who everyone had immediately decided must have been a sissy pushover, had just attacked the very foundations of our local educational system. There was no doubt that he was correct that we had been living in a haze of poorly-planned assignments and simple memorization tests, but no teacher had dared to question these methods before. We all knew that Duncan must have been something different. In the weeks that followed, Duncan challenged every student sitting in that room. We had assignments to write essays analyzing the lyrics to Pink Floyd and Led Zeppelin, who Duncan described as â€Å"trippy.† Most had never even heard of these bands, and the fact that many of their lyrics did not appear to make sense freaked us all out. However, Duncan taught us to look below the surface to find how we, ourselves, could find meaning in the work by examining our past experiences. We read Vonnegut and the Beat Poets and analyzed why we were all stuck in this box of sameness that our ancestors had lived for generations before us. We wrote journals about our fears and aspirations and, through sharing these, learned that many of the other students who seemed to different from us, were really sharing the same experiences. This was the first time in my life that I started to see reading and writing not just as an assignment to muddle through, but also a way to connect with the rich humanity which surrounded me. Mr. Duncan was correct when he stated that he could only last a year at our school. After the school board caught wind of all of the things he had been teaching in his class, he was unceremoniously fired right when the summer began. The next year, we went back to memorizing speeches from Shakespeare, but Duncan forever left a mark on me as a student. I went from being a student who hated to read and write to a student who saw writing as a means to gain further knowledge of my fellow citizens of the world as well as further knowledge of myself. I am a better communicator in every aspect of my life because of Clark Duncan, the so-called â€Å"fruit† who took on the Kentucky educational system, singlehandedly.

Financing Strategy Essay

There are many options for expansion for a privately held company. The Huffman Trucking Company has options to expand the operations of the business. The three best options that the firm faces are; going public through an IPO, acquiring another organization in the same industry, or merging with another organization. With each of these being a possibility, there are some aspects that must be taken into consideration. First there are strengths of the option, as well as weaknesses. Each option also comes with its own opportunities as well as threats, which must not be over looked. While there are pros and cons to any decision that will be made as far as going forward is concerned, expanding operations is imperative to staying competitive in the business world this day in age. Weighing each option will allow The Huffman Trucking Company’s decision makers to come to the best conclusion when moving forward. Going Public through an IPO An initial public offering (IPO) is a process in which a private company issues shares of stock to the public for the first time. Often times this process is known as â€Å"going public†. Regardless of how people refer to it though, it is extremely important for Huffman Trucking to consider this option for further expansion (â€Å"Encyclopedia Of Business†, 2013). The strength in this approach is that it could generate revenues that do not have to be paid back. The initial purchasers of the stock are buying a portion of the company in hopes that the value will increase. Huffman Trucking can then use those funds to purchase new equipment, hire more employees, and more importantly to expand their service area in the United States. However, there are weaknesses in this decision. The current ownership and management would lose a great deal of decision making power for the company. In an instant, the entire management team would have a group of stockholders to answer to. The knowledge savvy that got Huffman Trucking to where it is would become secondary to the whims of the stock holders. The opportunities of this approach are many, but primarily, it would put Huffman Trucking on the map. Increasing the recognition and reputation of the company can go a long way to increasing revenues. Also, going public would create a financing climate for the company that would provide even more opportunity to gain investment monies (when needed) for further growth. The major threat of this decision is that current ownership and management would be thrown out. If the stockholders felt that they knew better for the company, steps could be taken to get rid of anyone deemed detrimental to the company. This could mean that in a matter of years the original owner and every member of the original management team could be removed from the company. Acquiring another Organization in the Same Industry Another option for Huffman Trucking is to acquire another organization within the trucking industry. Huffman trucking can already credit some of its growth in the past to acquiring other businesses, though each case is different and it’s important to consider the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats associated with another acquisition. Acquiring another business can help Huffman Trucking to increase their efficiency and business. This is a known strength for acquiring another business, because they already have a location that they cover as well as a customer base, and their name is known, associating Huffman Trucking with that name will help their customers feel comfortable offering their business to Huffman. Depending on how Huffman is already staffed, a weakness of acquiring another business could be bringing on to many employees, or even having to let some of that company’s current employees go. If Huffman brings on those employees they have to make sure they have enough business to pay for all of their labor, and if they have to terminate those employees it can give the company a negative public image for cutting jobs. There are countless opportunities when acquiring another company in the same industry. It all depends on how the specific company handles the acquisition. One major opportunity is unlimited growth, if the acquisition goes well for both companies than Huffman will probably have the chance to acquire other businesses within the same industry and continue to grow. A threat would be that there is really no guarantee how the other company will handle the acquisition. There could be negative publicity or issues with current employees if Huffman doesn’t handle the situation appropriately from the beginning. Merging Organizations Many times, a company like Huffman Trucking potentially can build strength by merging with other organizations. Careful consideration and planning needs to take place before simply diving into any venture; however, if the company were to mesh itself with a company that is already holding itself upright, Huffman Trucking potentially could have more to offer its customers. In combination with the diverse services Huffman already provides, it can expand on these services. Especially, if Huffman aligns itself with another well-known company, consumers could still get their needs met by the former company while also being introduced to the products and services offered by Huffman. In relation, if Huffman shares nearby territories with other companies that offer similar services, it may be a wise move to merge the companies into one entity. â€Å"It is smart to merge with, successful companies if the services complement each other. The acquiring company would have access to a new market and an already established customer base† (NFIB, 2013, P. 1). In this instance Huffman would serve as the main headquarters; the head honchos taking over. Combining similar companies together potentially can ignite more power as a union, reinforcing the strength in numbers concept. â€Å"Merging is a way to encourage growth; it can be looked upon as a way to open up new channels and new markets† (NFIB, 2013, P.1). Occasionally companies experience down times, mostly because of market trends. On their own, they simply would lose steam and eventually fade into financial despair, unless another company chooses to offer a life raft. In these instances, a large company may swoop in and â€Å"buy† out the struggling company. The endeavor can prove to be fruitful if the larger company is successful at not only turning around profits for the struggling company but also building onto its own. Acquiring additional assets also helps to make a large company â€Å"look† better to investors. Huffman Trucking initially may desire to keep everything the â€Å"same.† It may even promise that employees will not lose their jobs. The reality, however; for any successful merger, is that change is inevitable and some employees will be let go. If Huffman attempts to retain too many employees it sets itself up for failure as the synergy processes can become strained. Within a given organization, only so many associates are needed to fill the necessary departments. The action of merging with other companies automatically reveals the existence of several different â€Å"departments† of employees doing the same type of work. Huffman will have to determine how many workers are â€Å"needed† to fill these positions and then layoff, or relocate the rest. Larger companies merging with other large, successful companies may merge more smoothly with minimal layoffs, and such a condition would be ideal. The merging endeavor could unfortunately cause a temporary downward trend in stock prices. Huffman may be tempted to get cocky with prices because it is now owner of many smaller entities. It may would reason that since it offers products widely sought by consumers that pricing rests solely within their whim. Consumers, however, â€Å"may rebel when confronted by increased costs as they seek cheaper product alternatives within the marketplace† (Rimm & Media, Wint). The opportunities are numerous when a merger is successful. Two well-financed, profitable companies potentially can exponentially increase their net worth by joining forces. Keeping lines of communication open among the entire company promotes enthusiasm from workers old and new. Acquiring companies can benefit from the broader customer base; in conjunction it can often decrease expenses as they produce more of their own brand. Although the reality exists that some employees will be let go, there also lays potential risks. â€Å"Customer service may suffer as employees feel less motivated to go out of their way to help clients and shoppers† (Rimm & Media, Wint). A gradually weakening workforce fueled by employee stress and weakened morale will eventually affect the face of the entire company. Many merger efforts actually discourage employees from seeking employment elsewhere, as they want the merger process to unfold smoothly. This is no way guarantees job security for workers long-term. Consequently, some employees will be intolerant toward the unknown. They feel unmotivated. Turnover is sure to spread among departments. As departments begin to weaken, remaining workers may start to feel the squeeze of added work load. During the merger, the company is unlikely to hire replacement workers right away. The overall spirit within the company may slowly deteriorate as result. Another potential threat is an already weak company deciding to merge with another weak company, assuming that combining the two will induce success. Two broke companies will seldom find success together. More than likely, they simply will fail as one unit. Huffman Trucking should consider several factors when choosing to pursue an international location. Financial decisions for Huffman Trucking will be affected by the decision to branch out into international markets. The usual factors that Huffman Trucking takes into consideration in the planning efforts of supply and demand will include new risks. These risks will â€Å"include unanticipated commodity price shocks, volatile exchange rates, and unexpected supply disruptions as a result of forces beyond our controls, such as physical disasters and terrorist attacks† (Neuman, 2005). The company should consider interest rates as this will affect the exchanges from one currency to another. Employment levels and economic growth expectations will also potentially affect exchange rates. Rising unemployment in another country could bring the value of that country’s currency down, thus creating a less favorable exchange rate. The same is true for general economic conditions. If a country’s economy is not growing interest rates are likely rising and potentially affect exchange rates as well. Another factor Huffman Trucking should consider when choosing a location for potential international expansion is the trade balance of the other country as well as its political and regulatory structure. A country wants to maintain a positive trade balance to keep a favorable demand for its currency. The political structure within a foreign country needs to be strong to help protect the investments of Huffman Trucking. The foreign country should possess clearly defined regulations. Strong regulations will also help protect the company’s investments. These critical factors will aid Huffman Trucking is determining where international expansion aligns with their operations. Each of the choices before Huffman Trucking are valid and each has its own strengths and weaknesses. It is important to note that expansion is an important part of successful business, but not necessarily a requirement. Huffman Trucking must decide if negative side effects of any of these choices is worth the gain.

Business Planning (Spanish Restaurant) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7250 words

Business Planning (Spanish Restaurant) - Essay Example The key for gaining success for ALJARAFE restaurant in the market of the UK will be to provide unique as well as contemporary dining experience, to control the expenses and to concentrate of employee retention. Through proper planning, ALJARAFE restaurant will also aim to create an atmosphere where every employee will be satisfied to work and thus, will render greater contribution towards delivering high quality products and services to the ultimate customers. Focusing on this aspect, the report presents a comprehensive business plan including the description of the business, product as well as service offerings, industry analysis, market segmentation, marketing plan, operation plan and key financial requirements as well as projections. With respect to consumer market, the restaurant segment of UK is considered as the fourth biggest segment. It has often been argued that the foodservice segment of the UK is complicated in comparison to grocery retail segment. In accordance with the study of United States Department of Agriculture, the UK’s foodservice segment is divided into two separate dimensions which are ‘profit stores’ and ‘cost stores’. In profit stores, profit acts as the key motivator of business, and thus, pricing of products and services becomes flexible. This type of business approaches can be identified in restaurants, pubs and hotels. On the other hand, in cost stores, prices of products and services are controlled to avail quality goods at lower product cost. This type of businesses can be found in educational institutions, prisons and hospitals. In the UK, restaurants are the most prevalent in foodservice industry. There are numerous independent players which dominate the restaurant segment in the UK. Illustratively, in the year 2004, about 90% of restaurants were signified as independent restaurants (Agriculture & Agri-food Canada, 2011). 2.1 ALJARAFE Restaurant’s Relative Position ALJARAFE restaurant is a proposed restaurant business which will be located in Manchester city, UK. ALJARAFE restaurant will aspire towards being established as a remarkable, fresh and causal Spanish restaurant which will provide variety of food menu with particular appeal to Spanish fragrances. While maintaining rigid principle towards profit generation, the restaurant will also aim to create a notable and rich eating experience for the customers. The legal form of the business would be based on a sole proprietorship model. This legal standing has been selected because it is the

Why cant Canadians compete with lower labour cost countries such as Term Paper

Why cant Canadians compete with lower labour cost countries such as India and China - Term Paper Example It is very difficult for Canada to be a manufacturing powerhouse like India and China. As of 2012, the 486.6-million Indian labor force makes it the globes second largest. Besides, the telecommunication industry in India is the world’s fastest growing. After the quarter of 2013, India became the third largest market for smartphones globally after China and the United States of America (Drà ¨ze & Amartya (2013). In terms of the gross domestic produxt, by 2013 China had become the globe’s second largest economy. On the other hand, China has been the globe’s manufacturing hub, leveraging its cheap labor in order to dominate global trade, especially the nation’s exports (Sang, 2013). In order to compete in the international manufacturing stage, Canada needs to differentiate itself from its competitors by making maximum use of its strengths. This will build ensure that it gains some steps in becoming a manufacturing powerhouse. China and India do not view Canada as a competitor because they have the capability to respond rapidly to the ever changing business environment and offer customers with what they need (Sexton, 2007). Chinese and Indian manufacturers have a vital strength in providing work that is customized together with services in order to meet the market requirements more flexibly than manufacturers in other nations like Canada. To attain this crucial strength (Scianna, 2014) argues that Canadian manufacturers need to invest in innovative technologies. Compared to low-cost nations like China, India, Malaysia and Brazil, the manufacturing sector in Canada is nowhere as big as other nations. In order for the Canadian manufacturers to stay in business competitively, the machine shops not only need to have the right equipment, but also make products for cost effective unit prices. Scianna (2014) noted that the most outstanding difference between Canada and its

Achilles Will Return After These Messages Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Achilles Will Return After These Messages - Essay Example There are three traditional levels of conflict in fiction: man against the world, man against man, and man against himself. The distinguishing characteristic of soap opera is that it takes place entirely on the second level. A soap opera character may have a job or a role in society, or inner conflict, but the most important thing about them will always be their relationships with other people. A soap character might be introduced via an external event, such as a murder or a corporate merger, but they will be defined entirely by their friends, lovers, enemies, grudges, and so on. Soap operas subordinate all other concerns to personalities and interpersonal conflict. To take a recent example (SoapCentral.com) from popular daytime soap Guiding Light: â€Å"Desperate to redeem himself as a father, Alan convinced Phillip to undergo the bone marrow transplant with Alan as the donor.† The phrasing is key: this isn’t a medical drama or even about saving a life, it’s about Alan trying to redeem himself. In soap opera, the character felt it personally necessary, and no other considerations need enter. Achilles’ behavior through much of the Iliad, that is to say hiding in his tent doing nothing, is often described as that of a sulky adolescent ignoring his responsibilities out of pique. While that reading isn’t far off base, another angle would be to point out that his behavior is that of a soap opera character. Is he tired of the war, or does he have some larger problem? No, he has simply been personally affronted by Agamemnon over t he matter of Briseis, and so refuses to fight. â€Å"Truly the son of Atreus, wide-ruling Agamemnon has dishonoured me: for he has taken and keeps my prize through his own arrogant act.† (Book 1, line 355) His feelings are of paramount importance, and the war can go hang. Indeed, within the context of a soap opera, the war is irrelevant. The questions of offense and personal honor are where the story lies. Of course, Achilles does return to the war in time, but why he does so is just as telling. He does not rally heroically just as the Trojans are about to overrun the Achaean positions, as would happen in a war story. He does not come to the realization that some things are more important than his hurt feelings, as might happen in the story of a personal journey. Rather, he charges back into battle when the Trojans have the temerity to kill his lover, Patroclus. To put it another way, he left the war because the Achaeans hurt his feelings, and reentered it because the Trojans hurt his feelings even worse. â€Å"†¦neither doth my own heart bid me live on and abide among men, unless Hector first, smitten by my spear, shall lose his life, and pay back the price for that he made spoil of Patroclus, son of Menoetius.† (Book 18, line 90) If this is not soap opera characterization, it is difficult to say what else it might be. The Iliad is often described as one of the founding documents of Western literature. It is certainly one of the earliest stories to have come down to us roughly intact, and its influence on other works is incalculable. To point out that it is, effectively, a soap opera is not to somehow demean the Iliad, but rather to ennoble the concept of a soap opera. I find it hard, today, to read the Iliad and not think at

Corporate law Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7500 words

Corporate law - Coursework Example The announcement confronted disparate reactions. Some applauded the government's plans, while others stringently opposed them, questioning the very need for the adoption of a corporate manslaughter bill. A third group maintained the exigencies of designing and passing into legislature a corporate manslaughter bill but voiced doubt over the proposed bill's capacity to address the problem. The imperatives of bestowing legal recognition upon corporate manslaughter, on holding corporate entities criminally liable for acts/cases of unintentional manslaughter, and the capacity of the proposed bill to effectively address the defined problem, comprise some of the dissertation's core concerns. Since the 1980s many companies in the U.K. ... 1.1 Research Background Since the 1980s many companies in the U.K. have been exposed to charges of corporate manslaughter - many disasters and incidents of death involving corporations such as Piper Alpha explosion, Hillsborough Stadium disaster, the capsize of the Herald of Free Enterprise etc., which were initially deemed and labelled as tragic 'accidents,' at the most attributable to the unlawful action of individuals, were later proved to be more a result of corporate malfeasance than individual offence.1 But, for various reasons including the absence of an appropriate law for tackling the offence; the application of flawed criminal law doctrines, ill-suited to corporate criminality; the absence of judicial and political commitment etc, in almost all the major cases, the criminal charges against the corporations failed at the prosecution stage itself. Beyond effective social and legal control, large and powerful corporations continue to inflict severe harm to society through negligent and/or reckless la w breaking. The rising public consternation about the consequences of corporate negligence and the persistent call for appropriate criminal justice intervention for effectively tackling corporate malfeasance has received significant impetus from the government during the past decade, as new and more effective steps for prosecuting companies are explored - the introduction of the new and separate offence of "corporate killing" and the introduction of draft Corporate Manslaughter Bill in 2005 may be considered as major steps in this direction. Nonetheless, the lack of urgency demonstrated by the British Government in enacting into law the 'corporate killing' offence is appalling - first

Ethics and special need kids Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Ethics and special need kids - Research Proposal Example On the other hand, the same case applies to the perception of African American teachers towards white students and the course is the same. According to Oates (2003), positive disposition of teachers towards students tends to yield good results on the performance of the students. However, in the history of the U.S, there has been a notion that the African Americans have academic inferiority and that they lack diligence to perform. In another dimension, such notions have rendered the African Americans a low self esteem motive that makes them have a negative attitude about themselves in regard to their academic performance. Generally, although the African American students have equal opportunities in classroom in public schools, their performance is greatly affected by the context of their race and teachers’ perception (Oates, 2003). Conversely, the general place of African Americans in the American society also plays a critical role in explaining why the students cannot perform well in class. For instance, the perception that African Americans cannot secure good jobs in the U.S greatly affect their class performance because there is no guarantee that even after completing their studies they would get employed. Focusing on kids with special needs, it is apparent that the issue of racial discrimination fuels. ... In this regard, the perception of teachers towards African American kids with special needs is that their parents are incapable of taking care of the kids and that is why they are in their current conditions. For instance, a kid who cannot afford three daily meals tends to lack capacity to contemplate what they are taught in class. Mostly, such a kid comes from African American families. In another dimension, the perception by teachers that African American kids cannot perform better than the white kids has also played a key role on the continued underperformance by the kids. In light of this, teachers tend to focus most of their attention to white kids. A study conducted by Neal, et al (2003), found out that white kids are accorded much attention that African American students. For instance, teachers concentrate on areas they did not understand more compared to when it is the African American kids that raise the issue of lack of contemplation. Dee (2006) pointed out that, teachers p erceptions independently affect and influence academic performance via self-fulfilling beliefs and perceptual biases. In addition, if teachers are pleasant towards a certain student, they provide them with more effective and favorable instructions. The same case applies to situations where pleasant students portray poor problem solving skills, teachers guide them in a way that easily encourage them to develop good solving skills. This is centrally to situations where unpleasant students portray the same skills, teachers put little effort to encourage or correct them. In fact, Gay (2002) postulated that performance of students is in the mind of the teacher. They tend to evaluate students performance based on their perception about the students. In light of this, it is

Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL) Essay

Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL) - Essay Example Equally important, IT must deliver services that promote effectiveness in the use f information systems. (Thibodeau 16-16) A large part f the challenge is the fact that organizations continually implement new business processes, discard flawed ones, or extend and modify current practices. Business systems that automate and actuate these business processes are continually in flux. But that's only the beginning. IT managers are also haunted by the specter f rapid, unceasing, technological churn, especially when the option f not adopting the latest innovations might put them at a competitive disadvantage. Moreover, today's business systems, radically different from their less-sophisticated precursors, are extremely complex and highly networked, and must support a new breed f multicompany, business-to-business applications. Web services, commonly defined as Internet-based applications that perform some type f business task, add yet another twist. (McLaughlin 39-42) As either a supplier or user f Web services, system or service failure has the potential to damage brand equity, as well as customer (internal or external) and trading partner confidence. Ultimately, it falls to in-hou... Thankfully, there are techniques that can mitigate risk, reduce complexity, and lessen IT costs. To date, the best approach involves the use f some combination f industry standards and proven process models. The term "IT Service Management" encapsulates all f the standardized processes and best practices that can be systematically applied across the entire range f IT services and support functions, to deliver superior services, while reducing risks and effectively managing costs. The use f standards and process models, however, while necessary, is not sufficient for delivering critical business systems. Organizations must apply the various approaches in an architected and deliberate manner, based on practices that have proven themselves in the field time and again. Introduction to ITIL It has been long understood that the value f IT services to the enterprise is reduced if delivery is inadequate and costly, or if implementation puts the business at risk. It is equally well known that the ability to deliver high-quality, low-cost IT services is enhanced if those services are based on proven methodologies and best practices. (Steinberg 22-30) To that end, the Central Computer and Telecommunications Agency (CCTA) is a U.K. government agency chartered with development f best practice advice and guidance on the use f information technology in service management and operations. Beginning in the mid-1980s, the CCTA surveyed the leading information technology companies from around the world to document and validate best practices in the disciplines f IT service management. The IT Infrastructure Library, more commonly known as ITIL, captures and codifies the

Climax, Symbolize and Theme in the Lottery Essay Example for Free

Climax, Symbolize and Theme in the Lottery Essay â€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson is a very famous American short story. It was published in the June 26, 1948, issue of the The New Yorker. Written the same month it was published. It is ranked today as â€Å"one if the most famous short stories in the history of America literature.† It has been studied in preparatory schools and in universities since its publication. It is very controversial. Some like it, others do not. The lottery has climax, mood and theme.The lottery has a really crazy climax. Climax is the point of greatest emotional intensity in plot. I think the climax of story is killing the person who picks the lottery up. When they kill the woman, their eyes are changed to jealous. Someone said ‘Hurry up!’ and then they throw stones to the woman. Among the people, their family included. I was shocked about her family killed their mother. Even if the son’s face was very pitiful, his parents gave a stone and let him cast it. The chilling climax also shows serious mood.The story also has extremely serious mood. The mood is generally defined as the atmosphere in the story. Although weather, surrounding and background in the story are sunny and clear, the electing process of the sacrificial victim is too quiet. The weather is a contrast to the village people. At least, the woman has only a tragic ending. She was killed by her friend and family. I think the best of the scene is children kill her too. It’s impossible, though custom is very important, they shouldn’t have let person sacrifice for their personal goal. These things made me confused to understand the story. The lottery has a theme which is difficult to understand. When I saw the title â€Å"The lottery†, I think this story has a good ending, but woman who won the lottery was killed by stones casted by people who she believes and love. It is very irony. Why they killed who won the lottery? I can’t understand this story exactly. But the author who wrote lottery gives us some message. There is old saying â€Å"Don’t judge a book by its cover† I think this crazy climax and serious mood make me difficult to understand this story.In conclusion, â€Å"The Lottery† is a short story which uses crazy climax, serious mood. I think Shirley Jackson who wrote â€Å"The Lottery† gives us some messages. First, don’t judge by appearance. This story title is â€Å"The Lottery†, but the ending is died who won the lottery. Second, we should remove wrong culture. Wrong culture killed innocent person. So, wrong culture is changed quickly. I searched a lot of information of this story. People say this story is written objectively. I strongly agree with this comment. They were extremely relieved when saw the women who won the lottery. In the movie of last scene, I felt selfishness from them.

Us History In Film Essay Example for Free

Us History In Film Essay An engineer called William Kennedy invented a form of celluloid strip containing a sequence of image. It was a way of projecting moving images. At this point a remarkable discovery had been made but where still potentials to be utilized from the little discovery. This was when Thomas Edison made a kinetograph which is regarded as the first moving picture camera. And then a cabinet with consistent loop of a celluloid film was back up with an incandescent lamp and seen through a magnifying lens. All this improvement left one with that there was still potentials that could be utilized. The spectator was close to an eye piece. The kinetoscape palours was supported with fifty foot film snippets photographed by Dickson, in Edison’s â€Å"Black Maria† studio. These continuous sequences recorded events and entertainment acts like music, acrobat, and some fighting sports demonstrating. And soon enough the kinetescope parlors became wide known in European other part. Because Edison felt there was still room for improvement he never attempted to use these instruments on the other side of the Atlautie since he depended on previous experiments and inventions. Some parts of Europe. Thus propelled imitations such as the camera made by British electrician. At about that time Auguste and Luis Lomiere invented the cinematograph which was a portable, three-in-one device camera, printer, and projector. At about that time father Antoine Lumiere began exhibitions of projected films before the paying public, started a generic conversation of a way to projection. They then became Europe producers. At a point Edison disproved the projection but he later joined with the vitascape in less than six mouths. The very first public motion-pictures film presentation in Europe. That belongs to Max and EFmil skladanowsky of Berlun, who projected with an apparatus â€Å"Bioscop’, a flicker free duplex construction. The first public screening of film was made possible by Jean Aine a French photographer. On February, he presented his cinematograph to a group of twenty show business men in New York City. This was how film production began. The movies that time were viewed via temporary storefront spaces and traveling exhibitors or as acts in voudexille programs. At that time films where a minute long and would usually presented a single scene that was made by an experience of everyday life, a sporting or public event. At that time there was no regard for cinematic technique or skillful displays, editing was not done. But beginning of realistically moving photographs was good enough and accepted by the motion picture industry in countries around the world. There was a problem at this time to merge the image with simultaneous sound, but there wasn’t realistic way was invented. But by 1920s after several decades, movies were less mute, but then it was supported by live musicians with sound effects, and with dialogue and narration made and presented with inter-titles. The accepted length of a film remained one reel, it could go for about ten to fifteen, minutes, through the first decade of the century, partly based on producer’s assumptions or speculations about the attention spans their still working audience. In 1911 countries other than Australia began to make feature films. At this time 16 full length feature films had been made in Australia. Europe created series of reel period extravaganzas that were longer with international box office success like Queen Elizabeth (France, 1912) Qoo vadis the feature film began to replace the short as the main cinema. Leading this trend in America was director D. W. Grittith with his historical epics. The birth of a national (1915) and intolerance (1916). The former film was also known as the first to propel widespread racial controversy. The cinemas of Italy and France where the most globally popular. But the United States was already benefiting drastically when world war (1914-1918) caused a disruption and destructive interruption in the Europe film industries. The American industry also known as â€Å"Holy wood† was become globally popular with its geographic base in California, and from that position it began to export its products globally basically virtually all countries of the world and as a result of that if began to control the market in many of them. It became very influential as a result of that and it began to dominate the market as it spanned it great popularity. According to David (1981) pg26†By 1920s the U. S attained a period of the greatest ever output, making an average of 800 feature film annually or 82% of the global total. The comedies of Charlie Chaplin†, the Swash buckling adventures of Douglas fair banks. The American visual standard that would become classical continuity editing was developed and exported to other countries of the world. This development was made along side with the drastic growth and improvement of the studio system and its greatest publicity method which was made by American film for several decades to come as far as models for other movies industry. The studios where made efficient with control over all stages of the product made a new growing level of lavish production and some technical improvements. At this time the commercial regimentation and concentration on glamorous absence daunted brave and expectation beyond the horizon to a certain level. The control of Holly wood entertainment was not strong as it would be and alternatives were still globally seen and reckoned with. By 1915, there was ban termination on imports in France the nascent Hollywood fare propelled the make up of cinematic avant garde. Some film makers started making experiments with optical and pictorial efforts as well as rhythmic editing. The move became known as French impressionist cinema. â€Å"As time went by, Germany became American’s strongest competitor†Allen (1896) pg42. Its unique contribution was the dark, hallucinatory worlds German Expressionism, which increased its power of an unrealistic presentation to put those within states of mind as seen on screen, as well as influenced the horror genre that is gradually coming up. The cinema that was newly born in the Soviet was the most innovative. The make of editing, moved. Forward, going beyond its previous role in improving the strong perfections was made by Eisenstein. The Technique that was regarded as dialectical montage, which tried to make non-linear, often violently dashing images express ideas and propel emotional and intellectual reaction\s in the viewer. An investigation was made by the House up- American Activities committee in the early 1950s, protested by the Hollywood ten before the committee, the hearing ended up in the blacklisting of many actors, directors, writers, with change sky and Dalton Trumbo especially the United Kingdom. The cold war period zeitgeist transformed into near-paranla manifested in themes such as invading armies of evil aliens. During the immediate post-war years the cinematic industry was also threatened by television, and the continuous and drastic popularity of the knowledge meant that some move theatres would bankrupt and close. In 1950. The bettrist avante-gardists caused riots at the cannes film festival, when the Isidore 1800s Treatise on slime and eternity as screened after their criticism of Charlie Chaplin and split with the movement, the ultraletrists continued to disrupt when they revealed their new hyper graphical technique. Distressed by the ever increasing number of closed theatres, studios, and companies would definitely find new ways to bring audience back. These made attempts to life rally expand with new screen formats. As the cinemascope, which has supposed to remain a 20th century fox separated until 1967, was publicized with 19535. The Robe Vista vision, Cinerama, made a bigger is better approach to marketing movies to a falling us audience. This caused a revival of epic films to take advantage of the new big screen formats. Fanatics also came up to attract in audience. The crave for 3-D films was sustained for two years, 1952-1954, was helped sell House of wax and creature from the Black lagoon. Producer William Castle would toot films featuring â€Å"emergeo† â€Å"percepto†, the first of a series of gimmicks that would remain the popular marketing tools for castle and others throughout the 1960s. Hollywood has reflected a post WW2 tendency toward asking the establishment and societal norms questions to films like blackboard jungle (1955). On the waterfront (1984), Paddy Chayetsks Marty and Reginald Roses 12 Angry man (1957) Disney’s sleeping Beauty was released on January 29, 1959 by the Walt Disney company after nearly a decade in production. Television started competing with films projected in theatre, but surprisingly it promoted more movies going rather than curtailing it. By 1960 studios in Hollywood began to dwindle and that was as a result of many films that were being made on particular locations in other countries. While using studio facilities in other countries. Example of facilities used where pinewood in England and Cinecitta in Rome. At this time Hollywood movies attracted family audience and it was made old-fashioned. Because at that time old fashioned films produced the biggest success. There were productions like Mary Poppins (1964) my four ladies (1964) and the sound of music (1965) made the biggest money of the decade. And also there was a drastic growth in independent production companies and producers and this increase also added to the reduction of traditional Hollywood studio production. There was an improvement with regards to awareness of foreign language cinema at that period. By the late 1950s and 1960s the French wave of directors like Francois Triifact and Jean-Huc Godard produced films like les quatre cents coups and joleset Jim which broke the laid down rules on Hollywood cinema’s old structure even audience were becoming cognizance of Italian films like Federice Fellinis la Doke vita and the stark dramas of Sweden’s Ingmar Bergman. While in Britain â€Å"Free cinema† of Lindsay Anderson, Tony Richardson and others lead to group of realistic and inventive dramas including Saturday night and Sunday morning, As kind of loving and this sporting life. The new Hollywood’ and ‘post classical cinema are terms used to describe the era following the reduction of the studio system by 1950 and 1960s and the end of the production code. By the 1970s, film makers drastically depicted explicit sexual content and showed violent bloody images of horrible deaths. The post-classical cinema was used as a term to describe the changing ways of story telling of the â€Å"New Hollywood producers. The new way of drama was made up of played upon audience expectations. In the 1770s, some American film makers sprung as Francis ford Coppola, Steven Spielberg George Locas and Brain de Palma. This coincided with the increasing fame of the auteur theory in film and media that posited those film directors’ films express their personal perspective and innovative insights. The improvement of the auteur style of film production helped to deliver to directors far reaching influence over their critical and commercial successes, like Coppla’s the God father films, Spielberg’s laws and close encounters of the third kind and Goerge Loca’s star wars. It however caused some failures, alongside with peter Bogdnovich. At long last love and Michael’s Ciounos hugely expensive western epic Heaven’s gate, which helped to bring about the demise of it’s backs, united Artists. In early 1990s, witnessed the improvement of a commercially successful independent cinema in the united states, cinema was taken over by special-effects films like the Terminator 2 Judgment Day (1991) and Titanic (1997). Independent films such as Steven Beglis sex, lies, and videotape (1989) and Quentin Tarantinos Reservior Dogs (1992) had remarkable commercial prosperity both at the cinema and on home video. Studios ate mainstream at that time started finance and produce non-mainstream fare. A very successful Independents of 1990s Minamax films was purchased by Disney Atumated films at that time also sprung up to fame along with Disney’s Beauty and the Beast, Aladdin and the Lion king. Documentary film also rose up to fame with the success of films such as March of the penguins and Michael More’s Bocoline for columbine and Fahrenheit 9/11. Some thing remarkable happened even as 15o inexpensive DV cameras were distributed across Irag, Turning ordinary people into corporative films makers’ threatres at home became sophisticated as some of the movies was made on DVDs designed to be shown on them. A Biography company sent D. W Griffith 1910 the west coast with his acting troop consisting of actors Blanche sweet, Lillian Gish, Mary Pickforch Lionel Barry more and others. They began filming on an empty lot near Georgia Street in down town Los Angels. The company decided to explore new places and traveled miles to a little village and enjoyed the movie company filming there. This place was called â€Å"Hollywood? Griffith then filmed the first ever movie ever shot in Hollywood called in old California a Biography melodrama which was about Latino-Mexican occupied California in the 1800s. The movie company stayed there for some time and made a number of films before going back to New York. When it heard about the nice place, in 1913 many movie-makers headed west the first feature made in Hollywood, in 1914, was called â€Å"the squaw man†. All the films made in Los Angeles from 1908 to 1913 were short subjects. With this film, the Hollywood movie industry was ‘born’. Through the First World War and it became the movie capital of the world it became a popular figure. By January 22 1947 the first commercial television station west of the Mississippi River began functioning in Hollywood. On December of the same year, the first Hollywood movies production was made for TV, the prosecutor. And by the 1950s, music recording studios started moving to Hollywood even as there opened offices there. Most of the movie Industry remained in Hollywood and also the districts outward appearance changed remarkably. Popular recording companies building on vine street called â€Å"Capitol† north of Hollywood Boolevard was built in 1956. This recording studio was not opened to the public but its distinctive design looks like a stock of 7-inch vinyi records. By 1958 the Hollywood walk of fame was created and the first star was placed in 1960 as a tribute to artists working in the entertainment industry. By 1985 the Hollywood Boolevard commercial and entertainment district was officially listed in the National Register of Historic places protecting valuable buildings and ensuring that the significance of Hollywood past would always be a part of its future. In June 1999, the Hollywood extension of the Los Angeles county metro Rail Red line subway was openly running from downtown Los Angeles to the valley, with stops along Hollywood Boolevard at western Avenue Vine Street and high land Avenue. Even as Motion picture production still takes place in Hollywood district mayor studios are located in the Los Angeles region paramount studios is the only studio that is located within, Hollywood some studios in the district include what was mentioned before. While Hollywood and its opposite neighborhood of Los Feliz served as the initial located of homes of the early television stations in Los Angeles market most of them have now relocated to other places within the same metropolitan area. â€Å"By 2002 some Hollywood citizens started campaigning for the district to take over from Los Angele and become as it has been earlier, in its own incorporated municipality†Woolworths(1990) pg56. People supporting the secession argued that the needs of their community were being neglected by leaders of Los Angeles. In June the same year the Los Angeles county board of supervisors placed secession referendums for both Hollywood and the valley on the ballots for a â€Å"citywide election†. In conclusion, this were the process that the American film also known as Hollywood passed through before becoming what it is today and it really amazing and remarkable that the entertainment industry in American has contributed over 60% of the whole of American revenue which has really affected their economy positively.And the industry is till growing drastic rate. REFERENCES David, A, American history in perspective teckno publishing house, 1981 Peter, S. O. film history. History publish Hoolporths house, London. 1994 Allan. M. S, The entertainment industry in America. Aquatic Pennsville. 1986 William O. The making of a kinetoscope Commendation and publications. Florida. 1991 Woolworths S. O. Entertainment history of the world. Readers house, Mexico. 990 Anothoney Peter, The wild Hollywood. Peuter House, publishing New York 1994 Serenago. M, The film industry. Myles publishing house, UK. Glory, M. Hollywood cinema. History records. Decks ville. Washington Sunday. O. O. The great entertainment move. Mensisiville house. Australia. 1993 Grace- S. O. historic account of the entertainment industry. Peterson house. 1979. Brooks ville. Wilson. D. Rebuilding Hollywood. Washington house 1979 Linda. O. The new Hollywood. New Jersey. 1989. Steven P. how movies are made. Edinburgh 1982 Aba. S. O. Films and modernization. California publishing house 1990

Concepts and Research into Green Networking

Concepts and Research into Green Networking Green Networking Abstract: Saving of excessive energy consumption is becoming a key concern in networking, because of theprobable economical benefits. These concerns, usually argued to as â€Å"green networking†, relate to inserting energy-awareness in the strategy, in the devicesand in the protocols of networks. In this work, I first formulate a more precise definition of the â€Å"green† attribute. I further more classify a few standards that are key enablers of energy-aware networking research. I then overview the up-to-date state of the art and offer a catalog of the relevant work, with a superior focus on networking. Introduction: Recent studies shows that Information Technology and communication advances are responsible for significant amount of world electric power consumptions which ranges from 2% to 10%, that is one of the contributing factor for global warming, via gases release from greenhouse and from the growth of demand of internet applications and services. Therefore, for these reasons energy efficient and sustainable networking often called â€Å"Green Networking†, has become a hot issue in the last few years. Definition: Green Networking is the practice of selecting energy-efficient networking technologies and products, and minimizing resources use whenever possible. [1] All facets of Information Technology and Communication are under supervision, from energy-saving design of all networking devices, to strategies which reflect the entire network’s energy depletion in the planning, design, implementation and management points, to new approach for long-run sustainability of the networking which covers reformed attitudes of users’ as well as smart energy mowing techniques.This special concern on Green Networking intentions at providing revolutionary influences to the research and development of energy-efficient networking solutions and approaches for network sustainability. Motivation for research and review: There are many complexities in network, unnecessary traffic congestion, and more power wastages due to unnecessary idling of node at the current situation of networking.Therefore, I have used one research paper published on the subject and examining the viewpoints to the matter.To the paper, I have added an analysis section where I reflect on the paper value, and discuss important points listed in the paper on the subject. Green Networking With Packet Processing Engines: Modeling and Optimization Published on:14th February, 2013. IEEE Computer Society Authors: Raffaele Bolla, RobertoBruschi, Alessandro Carrega, and Franco Davoli With the goal of monitoring power consumption in metro/transport and main networks, the paper reflects energy-aware devices capable to shrink their energy chucks by adjusting their performance. In specific, the paper focuses on state-of-the-art packet processing engines, which normally characterize the most energy-consuming apparatuses of network devices, and that are often collected of a number of parallel pipelines to â€Å"divide and conquer† the received traffic load. The paper talk about goal to control both the power structure of pipelines and the way to issue traffic flows among them. The authors proposed an analytical model to precisely represent the impact of green network technologies (i.e., low power idle and adaptive rate) on network-aware and energy-aware performance indexes. The model has been confirmed with experimental consequences, accomplished by using energy-aware software routers loaded by real-world traffic traces. The attained outcomes determine how the p rojected model can successfully epitomize energy-aware and network-aware presentation indexes. The method goals at dynamically adjusting the energy-aware device structure to lessen energy consumption whereas handling with received traffic signals and gathering network performance limitations. In order to genuinely comprehend the impact of such policy, a number of experiments have been executed by using experimental data from software router designs and real-world traffic traces. Analysis: In this paper, the authors considered energy-aware network devices (e.g., routers, switches, etc.) able to trade their energy consumption for packet forwarding performance by means of both low power idle and adaptive rate schemes. The proposed analytical model is able to capture the impact of power management capabilities on network performance metrics. The analytical framework considers stochastic incoming traffic at the packet level with Long Range Dependency (LRD) properties. On the basis of the analytical model, authors have chosen the parameters characterizing the joint usage of Adaptive Rate(AR) and Low Power Idle(LPI) energy-aware capabilities by optimizing the desired tradeoff between energy consumption and Quality of Service(QoS) while at the same time enforcing the satisfaction of given upper bounds on both. Since the performance and cost indicators used in the optimization depend on incoming traffic volumes and statistical features (notably, burst inter-arrival time and av erage burst length), researchers repeat the optimization periodically under updated estimations of these quantities. The modeling and control framework has been validated experimentally by using a Linux-based open software router with AR and LPI primitives under traffic generated by real-world traces; the results demonstrate how the proposed model can effectively represent energy-aware and network-aware performance indexes. Therefore proposed model, is efficient and addressing green networking maintaining the Quality of Service (QoS) in the network. Green Strategies Traditionally, networking systems are designed and dimensioned according to principles that are inherently in opposition with green networking objectives: namely, over-provisioning and redundancy. On the other hand, due to the lack of Quality of Service (QoS) provision from the Internet architecture, over-provisioning is a common practice: networks are dimensioned to sustain peak hour traffic, with extra capacity to allow for unexpected happenings. As a result, through low traffic periods, over-provisioned networks are also over-energy-consuming. Furthermore, on behalf of resiliency and fault-tolerance, networks are also deliberate in a redundant manner. Devices are added to the structure with the sole purpose of taking over the duty when another device fails, which further adds to the overall energy ingesting. These objectives, drastically divergent to the environmental ones, make green networking an interesting, and technically challenging, research arena. A major change is indeed needed in networking research and development to introduce energy-awareness in the network design, deprived of compromising either the Quality of Service (QoS) or the network consistency. This section illustrates a few key paradigms that the network infrastructure can exploit to reach the green objectives formalized above. We individuate three classes of solution, namely resource consolidation, virtualization and  selective connectedness  [2]. These three categories represent three research directions, which may find further detailed applications in device and protocol design. Resource consolidation regroups all the dimensioning strategies to reduce the global consumption due to devices underutilized at a given time. Given that the traffic level in a given network approximately follows a well-known daily and weekly behavior [3], there is an opportunity to â€Å"adapt† the level of active over-provisioning to the current network conditions. In other words, the required level of performance will still be guaranteed, but using an amount of resources that is dimensioned for current network traffic demand rather than for the peak demand. This can, for example, be achieved by shutting down some lightly loaded routers and rerouting the traffic on a smaller number of active network equipment. Resource consolidation is already a popular approach in other fields, in particular data centers and CPU. Virtualization regroups a set of mechanisms allowing more than one service to operate on the same section of hardware, hence refining the hardware operation. It results in a lowered energy consumption, as long as a single machine under high load consumes less than several lightly loaded ones, which is generally the case. Virtualization can be applied to multiple kinds of resources, comprising network links, storage hardware, software resources, etc. A typical example of virtualization consists in sharing servers in data centers, thus reducing hardware costs, improving energy management and reducing energy and cooling costs, ultimately reducing data center carbon footprint. In the current context, virtualization has already been deployed with success: e.g., the US Postal Service has virtualized 791 of its 895 physical servers [4]. As virtualization is a more mature research field, we refer the interested reader to [5] for a detailed survey of virtualization techniques from a computer architecture perspective, and to [6] for a networking perspective. At the same time, it should be noted that a virtualization solution designed explicitly to reduce network energy consumption has yet to appear. Applying the same base concept, selective connectedness of devices, as outlined in [7], [8], consists in distributed mechanisms allowing single pieces of equipment to go idle for some time, as clearly as probable for the rest of the networked devices. If the consolidation principle relates to resources that are shared within the network infrastructure, selective connectedness allows instead to turn off unused resources at the edge of the network. For instance, edge nodes can go idle in order to avoid supporting network connectivity tasks (e.g., periodically sending heartbeats, receiving unnecessary broadcast traffic, etc.). These tasks may have to be taken over by other nodes, such as proxies, momentarily faking identity of sluggish devices, so that no essentialmodification is required in network protocols Conclusion: This article surveyed the efforts that the research community has been spending in the attempt to reduce the energy waste in fixed networks, which are usually denoted as â€Å"green networking†. I presented the importance of the issue, its definition and mainstream paradigms, and proposed a taxonomy of the relevant related work. Examining the state of the art, we observe that a few techniques are emerging, which can be roughly categorized as (i) resource consolidation, (ii) virtualization (iii) selective connectedness. It also emerges from my analysis that despite the relative youth of the green networking field, research in some of the above areas is already mature, with advanced standardization efforts and prototyping results. Finally, as the ultimate goal of networking is to provide services to end-users, the quality of such services and of the user experience is a topic that spans over all the previous branches. Indeed, while energy efficiency is becoming a primary issue, it shall never be neglected that the energy gain must not come at the price of a network performance loss. This delicate tradeoff arises from opposite principles: indeed, while networked systems have traditionally be designed and dimensioned according to principles such as overprovisioning and redundancy, green networking approaches praise opposite practices such as resource-consolidation and selective-connectedness. The challenge lays in this case in applying the latter principles in a way that is as transparent as possible to the user – in other words, avoiding that resource consolidation translates into congestion, or that selective connectedness translates into unreachability. While the first wave of green studies focused mor e on the achievable energy gain, we believe that a systematic evaluation of networking performance from the user-perspective should be undertaken as well. Indeed, in all branches interesting questions remain, which deserve precise quantitative answers: Finally, we believe that while, for the time being, techniques of different branches have been studied in isolation, future research should address the combined impact of different techniques as well. Indeed, even though each of the above techniques alone do not constitute serious threats for the QoS perceived by the end-user, however it is not guaranteed that the joint use of several technique will not raise unexpected behaviour. Due to the current rise in green networking research and attention, it cannot be excluded that, in a near future, users will run Energy Aware Applications, in a home equipped with a green set-top-box implementing Interface Proxying functionalities, and will access the Internet through an Internet Service Pro vider implementing Energy Aware Routing in devices interconnected by Adaptive Link Rate lines – which opens a number of interesting questions that are so far all unexplored. References: [1] â€Å"Discussion Definition of green networking,†http://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/definition/green-networking [2] â€Å"International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering,†http://ijarcsse.com/docs/papers/Volume_4/9_September2014/V4I9-0353.pdf [3] A. Qureshi, R. Weber, H. Balakrishnan, J. Guttag, and B. Maggs, â€Å"Cutting the Electric Bill for Internet-Scale Systems,† in Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Applications, Technologies, Architectures, and Protocols for Computer Communications (SIGCOMM 2009), (Barcelona, Spain), Aug. 2009. [4] U.S. Environmental Protection Agency – Energy Star Program, â€Å"Report to Congress on Server and Data Center Energy Efficiency Public Law 109-431,† Tech. Rep. , U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Aug. 2007. [5] S. Nanda and T.-C. Chiueh, â€Å"A Survey on Virtualization Technologies,† Tech. Rep. TR179, Department of Computer Science, SUNY at Stony Brook, 2005. [6] N. M. Kabir Chowdhury and R. Boutaba, â€Å"A Survey of Network Virtualization,† Tech. Rep. CS-2008-25, University of Waterloo, Oct.2008. [7] K. Christensen, C. Gunaratne, B. Nordman, and A. D. George, â€Å"The Next Frontier for Communications Networks: Power Management,†Computer Communications, vol. 27, pp. 1758–1770, Dec. 2004. [8] M. Allman, K. Christensen, B. Nordman, and V. Paxson, â€Å"Enabling an Energy-Efficient Future Internet Through Selectively Connected End Systems,† in Proceedings of the Sixth ACM Workshop on Hot Topics in Networks (HotNets-VI), (Atlanta, Georgia, USA), Nov. 2007.

Impact on the Environment of Electrical and Electronics Products Essay

Impact on the Environment of Electrical and Electronics Products Introduction Electrical and Electronics products are now commonly found all around the world and the number is on the rise. The amount of such products that is being disposed is also on the rise. There is a concern on the environmental effect by such products that is being disposed as well as when it is being manufacturer. This is because most of these products contain either harmful substance or non bio-degradable materials which cause an impact on the environment. For these reasons, regulations and directives are being set up to safe guard and prevent more harm from being done to the environment. This report would be discussing on the harmful effects by traditional manufacturing and some of the regulatory and directive being set up around the world. Also, responses from the electronics industry with regards to the directives and regulations would be discussed. 1 Traditional manufacturing of electronic equipments 1.1 The use of soldering lead Solder comprised of tin and lead is currently a fundamental material joining electronic components to circuit boards in the assembly of almost every type of electronic product. Worldwide, over 20 million pounds of tin-lead solder are used annually. [1] 1.2 The manufacturing of PCBs In the process of making PCBs using the "subtractive" process, the circuit pattern is created by chemically etching copper from the unprotected (non-circuit) areas of the copper-coated panel, leaving circuit traces protected with photoresist. Etching can be accomplished with acids or bases, depending on the etch rate and the line width required. The most commonly used etchant is an aqueous solution of ferric chloride (FeCl3), used at temperatures over 50 Â °C. FeCl3 is acidic, relatively cheap, comparatively innocuous and versatile, attacking aluminium, copper, iron, nickel and their alloys. However, the spent etchant and its rinse water contain heavy metal ions such as nickel and chromium which are hazardous to the environment and most difficult to render harmless. Approximately 60% of the copper on the board is removed in the typical etching process. As the copper content of the etchant increases, the etchant cannot effectively remove the copper from the board, and it is consi... ...le. This also reduced the assembly time and lowered the production cost [17][18] References: [1] http://www.epa.gov [2] http://www.lsc.cc.mn.us/lib/classes/emuseum/disposal/disposal.html [3] http://www.nsc.org/library/facts/lead.htm [4] http://www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/hlthef/chromium.html [5] http://www.pp.okstate.edu/ehs/training/mercury.htm [6]http://home.datacomm.ch/raabe/e_ee_1.pdf#search='DIRECTIVE%20OF%20THE%20EUROPEAN%20PARLIAMENT%20AND%20OF%20THE%20COUNCIL' [7] http://www.entecuk.com/client/ec/fr_appendixa.html#1 [8] http://www.dti.gov.uk/sustainability/weee/ [9] http://www.epa.sa.gov.au/pdfs/weee.pdf [10] http://www.dti.gov.uk/sustainability/pdfs/finalrohs.pdf [11] http://www.2001elec.co.uk/RoHS/index.htm [12] http://www.epa.gov/dfe/pubs/solder/solderfact.pdf [13] http://www.eia.org/new_policy/environment.phtm [14] http://www.iaer.org/communications/NL0200.html [15] http://www.svtc.org/cleancc/pubs/spheres_ehp.htm [16] http://techrepublic.com.com/5100-6265-1058179.html [17] Electronic Product Recovery and Recycling Conference Summary Report, Environmental Health Center, 1998 [18] Gertsakis, Ryan & Hoy, 1996 http://www.rsc.org On Rohs: References for my part. Impact on the Environment of Electrical and Electronics Products Essay Impact on the Environment of Electrical and Electronics Products Introduction Electrical and Electronics products are now commonly found all around the world and the number is on the rise. The amount of such products that is being disposed is also on the rise. There is a concern on the environmental effect by such products that is being disposed as well as when it is being manufacturer. This is because most of these products contain either harmful substance or non bio-degradable materials which cause an impact on the environment. For these reasons, regulations and directives are being set up to safe guard and prevent more harm from being done to the environment. This report would be discussing on the harmful effects by traditional manufacturing and some of the regulatory and directive being set up around the world. Also, responses from the electronics industry with regards to the directives and regulations would be discussed. 1 Traditional manufacturing of electronic equipments 1.1 The use of soldering lead Solder comprised of tin and lead is currently a fundamental material joining electronic components to circuit boards in the assembly of almost every type of electronic product. Worldwide, over 20 million pounds of tin-lead solder are used annually. [1] 1.2 The manufacturing of PCBs In the process of making PCBs using the "subtractive" process, the circuit pattern is created by chemically etching copper from the unprotected (non-circuit) areas of the copper-coated panel, leaving circuit traces protected with photoresist. Etching can be accomplished with acids or bases, depending on the etch rate and the line width required. The most commonly used etchant is an aqueous solution of ferric chloride (FeCl3), used at temperatures over 50 Â °C. FeCl3 is acidic, relatively cheap, comparatively innocuous and versatile, attacking aluminium, copper, iron, nickel and their alloys. However, the spent etchant and its rinse water contain heavy metal ions such as nickel and chromium which are hazardous to the environment and most difficult to render harmless. Approximately 60% of the copper on the board is removed in the typical etching process. As the copper content of the etchant increases, the etchant cannot effectively remove the copper from the board, and it is consi... ...le. This also reduced the assembly time and lowered the production cost [17][18] References: [1] http://www.epa.gov [2] http://www.lsc.cc.mn.us/lib/classes/emuseum/disposal/disposal.html [3] http://www.nsc.org/library/facts/lead.htm [4] http://www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/hlthef/chromium.html [5] http://www.pp.okstate.edu/ehs/training/mercury.htm [6]http://home.datacomm.ch/raabe/e_ee_1.pdf#search='DIRECTIVE%20OF%20THE%20EUROPEAN%20PARLIAMENT%20AND%20OF%20THE%20COUNCIL' [7] http://www.entecuk.com/client/ec/fr_appendixa.html#1 [8] http://www.dti.gov.uk/sustainability/weee/ [9] http://www.epa.sa.gov.au/pdfs/weee.pdf [10] http://www.dti.gov.uk/sustainability/pdfs/finalrohs.pdf [11] http://www.2001elec.co.uk/RoHS/index.htm [12] http://www.epa.gov/dfe/pubs/solder/solderfact.pdf [13] http://www.eia.org/new_policy/environment.phtm [14] http://www.iaer.org/communications/NL0200.html [15] http://www.svtc.org/cleancc/pubs/spheres_ehp.htm [16] http://techrepublic.com.com/5100-6265-1058179.html [17] Electronic Product Recovery and Recycling Conference Summary Report, Environmental Health Center, 1998 [18] Gertsakis, Ryan & Hoy, 1996 http://www.rsc.org On Rohs: References for my part.

The Evolution of the Microprocessor Essay -- essays research papers

The Integrated Circuit: The Evolution of an Electronic Miracle The microprocessor evolved over the course of many years of research, and people all over the world enjoy the benefits of this electronic miracle. It is difficult to think of anything that has affected modern life more than this invention. Cellular phones, wristwatches, calculators, automobiles, stereos, televisions, and computers are just a few of the thousands of electronic devices that have a microchip at the heart of its operation. Over the years, three major breakthroughs occurred to accelerate the birth of the microprocessor: the vacuum tube, the transistor, and the integrated circuit. The Vacuum Tube American physicist Lee De Forest invented the vacuum tube in 1906. However, one must look back to 1879 when Thomas Edison first revealed the incandescent electric light bulb to understand how De Forest developed his idea. Edison’s invention consisted of a conducting filament mounted in a glass bulb. Electricity passing through the filament caused it to heat up and created a vacuum that prevented the filament from oxidizing and burning up. In 1883, Edison detected electrons flowing through the vacuum from the lighted filament to a metal plate mounted inside the bulb. This became known as the Edison Effect, but he did not develop this particular discovery any further. However, British physicist John Fleming found that the Edison Effect also detected radio waves and converted them to electricity. In 1904, Fleming first showed off his two-element vacuum tube known as the Fleming diode that converted an alternating current (AC) signal into direct current (DC) (Kuphaldt). The Fleming diode consisted of an incandescent light bulb with an extra electrode inside. Electrons boiled off the surface of the metal plate and into the vacuum inside the bulb as the filament became white-hot. When the extra electrode became more positive than the filament, a direct current flowed through the vacuum proving that AC signals could be converted into DC. One of the first uses of the Fleming diode was to detect weak signals produced by the new wireless telegraph. Later, the diode vacuum tube was used to convert AC into DC for power supplies in electronic equipment (Kuphaldt). Many inventors tried to improve the Fleming diode, but the only one who succeeded was American inventor Lee De Forest. In 1906, De Forest int... ...light bulb. References Bellis, M. The History of Computers. Retrieved Mar. 03, 2005, from About.com web site: http://www.inventors.about.com/library/blcoindex.htm. Hoff, T. Fascinating Facts about the Invention of the Microprocessor. Retreived Feb 28, 2005, from Idea Finder web site: http://www.ideafinder.com/history/inventions/microprocessor.htm IC Knowledge. History of the Integrated Circuit. Retrieved February 28, 2005, from IC Knowledge web site: http://www.icknowledge.com/history/history.html. Kuphaldt, T. R. Early Tube History. Retrieved Feb. 24, 2005, from All About Circuits Web site: http://www.allaboutcircuits.com/vol_3/chpt_13/2.html. Lindberg, A. A. The History of the Integrated Circuit. Retrieved Mar. 03, 2005, from Nobelprize.org Web site: http://nobelprize.org/physics/educational/integrated_circuit/history Maxfield, C. and Brown, A. Retrieved Feb. 24, 2005, from The History of Computers Web site: http://www.maxmon.com. Riordan, M. and Hoddeson, L. (1997). Crystal Fire-The Birth of the Information Age. New York, NY: W.W. Norton & Company Inc. Sullivan, J. (Ed.). (1988). The Chipmakers. Alexandrea, VA: Time-Life Books. (Understanding Computers Series)

Online Student Profile Management System

ONLINE STUDENT PROFILE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM by GREESHMA MALGIREDDY B. Tech. , Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, 2007 A REPORT submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree MASTER OF SCIENCE Department of Computing and Information Sciences College of Engineering KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY Manhattan, Kansas. 2010. Approved by: Major Professor Dr. Daniel Andresen. AbstractAll the students who are enrolled in Computing and Information Sciences (CIS) major in Kansas State University are required to submit their Program of Study (POS) which they manually do by filling in all the necessary details and submit the form to the department. The main objective of this project is to develop an online submission of program of study. The online student profile management system is a web-based application that provides students of CIS major to submit their program of study in an easy and efficient manner.This application mainly allows the students to enter their personal info rmation (viz. , contact information, previous education) and to choose core as well as non-core courses of their choice. In addition the faculty of CIS department can also log on to the application and view the POS of the students by entering their wildcat ID. The primary focus is to get familiar with . NET framework and to code in C#. NET. This in turn uses MS SQL server 2005 as database for storing and retrieving of data. This project is implemented using C#.NET on Microsoft visual studio 2005. Table of contents List of Figures †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ v List of Tables †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢ € ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ vi Acknowledgements †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. vii CHAPTER 1-†¦ [continues]

Drug Addiction †Essay Essay

Drug addiction is a pathological or abnormal condition which arises due to frequent drug use. The disorder of addiction involves the progression of acute drug use to the development of drug-seeking behavior, the vulnerability to relapse, and the decreased, slowed ability to respond to naturally rewarding stimuli. Causes Drugs known to cause addiction include illegal drugs as well as prescription or over-the-counter drugs, according to the definition of the American Society of Addiction Medicine. †¢ Stimulants: o Amphetamine and methamphetamine o Cocaine o Nicotine †¢ Sedatives and hypnotics: o Alcohol o Barbiturates o Benzodiazepines, particularly flunitrazepam, triazolam, temazepam, and nimetazepam o Methaqualone and the related quinazolinone sedative-hypnotics †¢ Opiate and opioid analgesics o Morphine and codeine, the two naturally occurring opiate analgesics o Semi-synthetic opiates, such as heroin (diacetylmorphine), oxycodone, hydrocodone, and hydromorphone o Fully synthetic opioids, such as fentanyl, meperidine/pethidine, and methadone HEROIN- The German drug company Bayer named its new over the counter drug â€Å"Heroin† in 1895.[7] The name was derived from the German word â€Å"heroisch† (heroic) due to its perceived â€Å"heroic† effects upon a user.[7] It was chiefly developed as a morphine substitute for cough suppressants that did not have morphine’s addictive side-effects. Morphine at the time was a popular recreational drug, and Bayer wished to find a similar but non-addictive substitute to market.[8] However, contrary to Bayer’s advertising as a â€Å"non-addictive morphine substitute,† heroin would soon have one of the highest rates of  dependence amongst its users.[9] Diacetylmorphine is used as a recreational drug for the transcendent relaxation and intense euphoria it induces. Anthropologist Michael Agar once described heroin as â€Å"the perfect whatever drug.†[23] Tolerance quickly develops, and users need more of the drug to achieve the same effects. Its popularity with recreational drug users, compared to morphine, reportedly stems from its perceived different effects.[24] In particular, users report an intense rush that occurs while the diacetylmorphine is being metabolized into 6-monoacetylmorphine (6-MAM) and morphine in the brain. Diacetylmorphine produces more euphoria than other opioids upon injection. One of the most common methods of illicit heroin use is via intravenous injection (colloquially termed â€Å"slamming† or â€Å"shooting up†). effects- Large doses of heroin can cause fatal respiratory depression, and the drug has been used for suicide or as a murder weapon. cost- Price The European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction reports that the retail price of brown heroin varies from â‚ ¬14.5 per gram in Turkey to â‚ ¬110 per gram in Sweden, with most European countries reporting typical prices of â‚ ¬35-40 per gram. The price of white heroin is reported only by a few European countries and ranged between â‚ ¬27 and â‚ ¬110 per gram †¢ RISK- For intravenous users of heroin (and any other substance), the use of non-sterile needles and syringes and other related equipment leads to several serious risks: o the risk of contracting blood-borne pathogens such as HIV and hepatitis o the risk of contracting bacterial or fungal endocarditis and possibly venous sclerosis o abscesses †¢ Poisoning from contaminants added to â€Å"cut† or dilute heroin †¢ Chronic constipation †¢ Addiction and increasing tolerance †¢ Physical dependence can result from prolonged use of all opioids,  resulting in withdrawal symptoms on cessation of use †¢ Decreased kidney function (although it is not currently known if this is due to adulterants or infectious diseases)[47] CRACKHEADS GONE WILD Tony had a promising future as a professional athlete. Now he stands in front of a rundown house in Atlanta. ‘My momma always told me, you can be anything you want,’ he says. ‘This is what I brought my being down to.’ He holds up a pebble of crack between thumb and forefinger. ‘This is the most important thing in my life. If I had to choose between you and the blow, I’d forget you.’ ‘Miami Slim’, a greying black woman who has been addicted to cocaine since 1981, recalls her shame at sitting in a room with $7,000 of crack on the table and being unable to give her five-year-old son 50 cents to buy an ice cream. These are just two of the characters from Crackheads Gone Wild, an American DVD that takes the gonzo documentary genre made notorious by the 2002 video Bumfights (a series of tramp-fighting vignettes) to distressing new extremes. It presents ‘uncensored real stories’ of crack addicts in Atlanta while drawing on the voyeuristic appeal and entertainment value of reality TV. Like Hollywood’s upcoming action-romp Snakes on a Plane, the title alone plays on a brazen marketing nous. And it even has its own snappy logo – an illustration of a zombie-like bug-eyed crackhead. The DVD has sold 60,000 copies since release in December, primarily from sales through its website, crackheadsgonewild.com. Its creator, Daryl ‘Master Mind’ Smith, a 30-year-old graduate from North Carolina Central University with a degree in marketing, maintains his film is intended to raise ‘awareness’ of the crack problem in American cities. ‘But we also tried to make it entertaining,’ he says, ‘otherwise no one would want to watch it and the message wouldn’t get across.’ To this end, there is footage of a couple having sex in a park while simultaneously taking hits off their crack pipes. Smith claims he didn’t solicit the footage. ‘We just walked up on them. They didn’t care. I never gave anyone more than $5 or something to eat to film them. They wanted to do it because they wanted people to know their stories.’ One white female addict, clearly ravaged beyond her years, makes an impassioned plea for understanding on a street corner but is undermined by a man performing a  jerky dance behind her as he takes a hit off his pipe. A woman, posting a message on the film’s website under the name punkin1980, says she recognised the man as the father she hadn’t seen in five years. ‘It saddend (sic) me to look at him like that. Wherever he is now, I just want him to know that punkin still and always will love him.’ Smith defends himself: ‘In my mind, the exploitation was done for a good reason. What I was doing was exploiting the part of life that people choose to ignore. I just put it out there for people to see.’ Fuelled by mainstream rap culture and shows like MTV’s Jackass, there is a burgeoning market for such films. One series of DVDs consisting of nothing more than amateur footage of street fighting is sold under the title ‘Ghetto Brawls’. Bumfights which racked up $5 million in sales worldwide, featured alcoholic vagrants who were plied with booze and encouraged to perform stunts that included having their teeth extracted with pliers. Its makers were taken to court in a civil trial in 2003 for soliciting battery and promoting illegal fights. They received small fines and probationary sentences. There seems little chance that those behind Crackheads Gone Wild will end up in the courts. Smith says he obtained release forms from everyone who appears in the video and won’t use footage from those that refused. He says he knew some of the people he filmed over a period of years and watched them slowly deteriorate. ‘Many of these people are highly intelligent. I have footage of a lady who has a master’s degree in education and used to work on Capitol Hill. She got hooked on drugs and now she’s homeless. The point of the movie is: do not even try crack or this is what it will reduce you to. You will not have any control over your life and you will live and die for the drug.’

Sulfamic Acid Titration

Introduction: ? Neutralization reactions involve the reaction of an acid and a base to produce a salt (ionic compound) and water. Acid + Base ( Salt + Water ? In this lab, sulfamic acid (a weak acid which contains one acidic hydrogen) will be used: H2NSO2OH(aq) + NaOH(aq) ( NaOSO2NH2(aq) + H2O(l) (Net Equation: H+(aq) + OH-(aq) ( H2O(l)) ? Titration is a process of neutralization Titration is commonly used to determine the concentration of an acid or base in a solution. ? This process involves a solution of known concentration (the titrant or standard solution) delivered from a buret into the unknown solution (analyte) until the substance being analyzed is just consumed. The moles of H+ = moles of OH- at this point (called the equivalence point). ? Information about the analyte (i. e. mass) can be calculated at the equivalence point. The volume of titrant is recorded and the moles of titrant can then be calculated using n = C(V, where n = # of moles, C = concentration in mol/L and V = volume in L. ? The end point in a titration is often signaled by the color change of an indicator and occurs just slightly past the equivalence point. ? An indicator is a substance (weak acid) that has distinctively different colors in acidic and basic media. *Not all indicators change color at the same pH, so the choice of indicator for a particular titration depends on the strength of the acid and base.An indicator is chosen whose end point range lies on the steep part of the titration curve. ? The progress of an acid-base titration is often monitored by plotting the pH of the solution being analyzed as a function of the amount of titrant added (called a titration cur ve). Types of Titrations: 1. Strong Acid / Strong Base pH at equivalence point = 7 2. Weak Acid / Strong Base pH at equivalence point >7 3. Strong Acid / Weak Base pH at equivalence point

Why Do We Dream?

No one knows the true answer as to why we humans dream. Probably no one ever will truly know but there are many theories concerning this topic. One theory brought about by famed psychologist Sigmund Freud is that dreams are secret wish fulfillments of the dreamer. Another is the information-processing theory. A third theory is called the activation-synthesis theory. All three are valid theories that deserved to be looked at and discussed with a little more detail. Sigmund Freud was a psychologist in the late 1800s to the mid-1900s. Much of his work is now considered to be dated and even a bit absurd but it is still studied to this day. Perhaps his most famous contribution to the world of psychology, along with being the father of psychoanalysis, was his work on the interpretation and meaning of dreams. He wrote, and in 1900 published, the book â€Å"The Interpretation of Dreams†. He himself found his book to be very important and said â€Å"[It] contains†¦ the most valuable of all the discoveries it has been my good fortune to make. Insight such as this falls to one's lot but once in a lifetime† (Cherry). His theory is that dreams are repressed, secret, often sexual, desires in the unconscious mind of the dreamer. While dreaming, these secret fears and desires make themselves known. After listening to some dreams from patients of his, Freud said â€Å"What is common in all these dreams is obvious. They completely satisfy wishes excited during the day which remain unrealized. They are simply and undisguisedly realizations of wishes† (Freud). Another theory about why humans dream is called the Information-Processing Theory. It is also known as the Off-Line Theory.

New Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

New Technology - Essay Example To ensure that the road to success remains intact, firms have to accept a dose of change and the idea of continuous change in their organisations. Bonas machine is a subsidiary of the Van de Wiele Group of Companies. It is the famous for its innovative design of electronic jacquards. The company has been manufacturing the best electronic jacquards primarily used for weaving. Its manufacturing headquarters is located in West Flanders, Belgium and the company has established communication arteries with its sales agents and consumers. The company continue to operate through its success cores and key attributes that include: speed, reliability, and performance. For the company, customer satisfaction is the utmost priority. The current strategies have remained the same since most of the initiatives to achieve the main goal are handled by the research and development team. The company contends that quality innovations along with after-sales support are the right combination to success. Aside from fundamental concepts, the company has provided several approaches that address the need to compete. These methods are planned, developed, implemented, and assessed over time. It is hard to doubt that the company has succeeded in turning a not so recognisable innovation to a highly demanded commodity. The recent success of Bonas Machines, however, reflects the some problems that the company has been facing. This paradox defined the complexity of predicament that company needs to overcome to ensure that its success will remain consistent. Although there are several concerns that need to be raised, the most crucial part of the existence of Bonas is its competitiveness. It is hard to discount that the company is capable of controlling the market; but its current position suggests otherwise. The market position of Bonas is crucial in its efforts to succeed. Contrary to popular belief that the position on the market is holistically, success is measured in each entity. Essentially, the decision of the company to become aggressive is insufficient to qualify the company as the leader. Each part of the organisation needs to recognise the necessity to be in the forefront of the market. The fundamental challenge for Bonas is to remain competitive and sustain its advantage. But to ensure that this will be realised, the company needs to make a shift. The process starts from gradual modification until the most radical change is performed and implemented. Motivations to Change Based on the idea of Beer et al (1990), successful organizational change deals with coordination, commitment, and competencies. The absence of one characteristics means that fruitful change has not been attained. More important, the manifestation of the three values has to be manifested systematically. Processes have to be defined to ensure that each stage is satisfied before proceeding with the next step. In organizations, each entity is provided with roles to play before a goal is achieved. To manifest changes in the production process, close coordination among the components of production has to be maintained. Technically, changes in organizations are designed to make firms competent. Essentially, training mechanisms are modified to improve the skills and competency of the workforce. Technology replaces the traditional tools to boost production and limit defects. The change happens when the form

French Language Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

French Language - Essay Example Although Standard French has in fact undergone centuries of human intervention and language planning, popular opinion, however, contends that Standard French should consist solely of the rulings by the Acadmie franaise in France, or in standardization from terminological work by the Office qubcois de la langue franaise in Quebec. There is further perceived or actual linguistic hegemony in favor of France by virtue of tradition, former imperialism, and a demographic majority. Such notions hinge on linguistic prestige rather than on a linguistic norm. Also, despite the existence of many regional varieties of French in the Francophone world, Standard French is normally chosen as a model for learners of French as a foreign or second language. The standard pronunciation of Metropolitan French is, out of concerns for comprehension or social stigma, sometimes favored over other standard national pronunciations when teaching French to non-native speakers in Francophone nations other than Fra nce. Though the French complain about the incursion of English into their language, they don't fight it nearly as much as French-speaking Canadians do. Whereas stop signs in France say stop, their Qubcois counterparts say arrt. Le week-end in France is known as la fin de semaine in Qubec. And of course, the word chosen to replace "email" in France was the Qubcois term courriel. Thus Canadians feel that their French is actually better than that spoken in France and should be the standard. Therefore, French-Canadians have started a petition to have their French become the standard by which all other variations are measured. Jean Charest, Premier of Qubec, had this to say: Au Qubec, on parle franais. Notre langue n'est pas un petit dialecte franco-canadien et elle n'est pas remplie de franglais comme le franais hexagonal. Nous insistons dsormais que notre franais, c'est la norme. (In Qubec, we speak French. Our language is not some "French-Canadian" dialect, and it's not full of franglais like the French in France. We insist that from now on our French is the standard.) (french.about.com/od/francophonie/a/4_1_05a.htm - 24k - Cached) French (Franais) is a Romance language spoken in France, Belgium, Switzerland, Canada (principally Quebec), northern New England (especially the state of Vermont), the state of Louisiana and in many other countries and regions formerly or currently governed by France. It is an official language of more than 25 countries. French is spoken as a mother language by 72,000,000 people and as a second language by some other 52,000,000. It is one of the five official languages of the United Nations. Origin and History French dialects developped from the Vulgar Latin which was brought to Northern Gaul with the Roman conquest in the 1st century B.C. (see Rome). The history of French language is divided into 6 main periods: